RBT S1 Stereo Camera

A mode:  (Aperture priority AE mode)
The preselected aperture is used with metered shutter speeds (30sec. ~ 1/250th, in 1/3 stop increments). Depth of field can be controlled.

• Set Main Switch to A.
• Select an aperture value by rotating the Aperture dial, then depress the Shutter Release halfway to trigger and lock an exposure reading.
• Metered shutter speed is shown in the Display as long as the Shutter Release is held halfway down.
• If the shutter speed tries to exceed 1/250 sec. the Display blinks and a blinking red  “ + ”  appears in the Finder, indicating probable overexposure.
• When the shutter speed is below the user-set Critical Shutter speed, a blinking red  “ – ”  appears in the Finder as a warning, but does not indicate underexposure.
• If the shutter speed tries to exceed 30 sec. the Display blinks and the blinking  “ – ”  in the Finder indicates probable underexposure.

Aperture dial:
Knurled wheel on upper deck, extreme right. Range, f.2.0 ~ f.22, with half-stop detents.

• To activate autofocus, depress the Shutter Release halfway. When focus completes, the green  “ • ”  LED lights in the bottom of the Finder.
• May not work properly with small, dark, reflective or light-emitting objects, fog or smoke, or when shooting through windows.
• When autofocus fails, the shutter will not operate,  “ AF  ”  blinks in the Display, the green  “ • ”  blinks in the Finder, and the red  “ + ”  and  “ – ”  (if lit) are extinguished.
• If autofocus is problematic, use infinity focus or manual focus.

• To set, turn main switch to P.
• Press and hold SELECT button for more than one second.
• Current setting appears in Display. (e.g. “ 1/30L ”)
• Adjust with Up/Down buttons.

Depth of field:
Both lenses have a small window near the camera body, one or both of which provide coarse focused distance indications in meters. Depending on sensed object distance, the infinity symbol and numbers 3, 1.5, 1, 0.8 and 0.6 come into view.
    The window boundaries indicate depth of field at f.16, the two marking lines at f.8. The red line left of center indicates infrared focus.
    At a given aperture’s hyperfocal distance H, the depth of field will be from H/2 to infinity. See Hyperfocal settings for S1-specific tables for use with the MF (manual focus) function.

Table calculated for a circle of confusion of 1/30 mm.

Aperture	2	2,8	4	5,6	8	11	16	22
Hyperfocal dist. H (m)	18,4	13,1	9,2	6,6	4,6	3,3	2,3	1,7

    For a stereo deviation of 1,5 mm the stereo depth is approximately equal to the depth of field at f.11 for the S1A (stereo base 59 mm) and f.16 for the S1B (stereo base 45 mm).

Display:  (LCD)
Located on camera top, right-hand side. The defaults show:

• In P mode:  Number of exposures. Aperture or shutter speed appears when Shutter Release is depressed halfway, and briefly after exposure.
• In A mode:  Exposure compensation. Shutter speed appears when Shutter Release is depressed halfway, and briefly after exposure.
• In M mode:  Selected shutter speed.
• The SELECT button acts as a toggle, switching between number of exposures and exposure compensation value in P and A modes, and number of exposures and shutter speed in M mode. Last displayed category for each mode is remembered until battery is removed.
• Battery check and various other indications appear, depending on use.

• Aperture values are prefixed by  “ F  ”.
• Shutter speeds one second and longer are followed by  “  ' '  ”  and a decimal fraction, if necessary.

• Turn Main Switch to P or A.
• Press SELECT button to display exposure compensation (if not already displayed).
• Adjust with Up/Down buttons.
• A  “ ± ”  symbol appears in the top center of the Display when compensation is in effect and the Display shows number of exposures.
• Exposure compensation is reset to zero when the Main Switch is turned OFF.

• Open back cover by gently twisting foldout tab at left side clockwise. Pull film leader out slightly before placing the cartridge in the film chamber. Pull leader end to FILM TIP mark.
• Close back cover, then turn Main Switch ON (or depress Shutter Release if already ON) to wind film to first frame.
• Recognized film speed appears briefly in the Display, followed by exposure number  “ [   1 ] ”.
• If the exposure number isn’t displayed, press the SELECT button and confirm.
• A blinking  “ [   0 ] ”  indicates that film is not loaded properly. Open the back cover and reload.
• When the camera is empty,  “ [   0 ] ”  is displayed.

• Turn main switch to A.
• Press and hold SELECT button down for at least one second. Current ISO speed is displayed.
• Select desired speed with Up/Down buttons. Depress Up or Down button for longer than one second to scroll selection.

• Inside center cross mark:  Circular AF (autofocus) area and spot metering area for M mode.
• Slightly larger than center cross mark:  Rectangular AE (auto-exposure) center-weighted metering area for P and A modes.
• Bottom, right of center:  green  •  LED lights when autofocusing is completed, blinks if not possible. Does not light when infinity focus or manual focus is used.
• Bottom, center:  red  “ – ”  LED underexposure and Critical Shutter speed warning.
• Bottom, left of center:  red  “ + ”  LED overexposure warning.
• Frame lines:  left vertical and top horizontal bright lines move toward center as focus distance shortens, automatically indicating picture taking area and parallax compensation (disabled and frozen at 0,6 m in S1B). Top horizontal line extension intersects 45° distance scale line in upper right corner, indicating approximate focus distance. Frame lines show approximately 85% of on film image.
• Slightly off center:  level bubble in bright circle. (RBT-option.)

Flash photography:   Aperture priority mode
Fixed aperture A mode background exposure, followed by automatically controlled flash with trailing sync. The dedicated Konica KX-14 flash uses its own sensor to control flash output when its switch is set to A.
    Effective range, 0.6 ~ 3.5 meters (approx. 2 ~ 12 feet). Recommended aperture depends on ISO film speed, as indicated below:

• With Main Switch set to A, the selected aperture is fixed while shutter speed varies over the full 30 ~ 1/250 range according to metered ambient light, regardless of Critical Shutter speed setting.
• Depress Shutter Release halfway to trigger exposure reading and focus (if in AF mode).
• Display then shows the shutter speed that will be used. Flash sync is possible at all shutter speeds.
• In the Finder, a blinking red  “ – ”  indicates that metered shutter speed is below the set Critical Shutter speed. A blinking red  “ + ”  indicates likely overexposure.
• When the Shutter Release is fully depressed, background exposure is made first, then the flash fires.
• Flash balance can be controlled by aperture adjustment. (E.g. for daylight fill flash, set aperture one stop smaller than recommended.) Exposure compensation can be applied to the A mode portion of the flash exposure.

• Set Main Switch to M for manual shutter speed control to mitigate camera movement effects in low light.

• Set Konica HX-14 flash switch to P•FULL
• Set camera Main Switch to M.
• Set aperture and shutter speed appropriately.

For the Konica HX-14 and distance in meters:

Flash photography:  P mode (Variable Aperture Synchronization)
Intelligent two step automatic exposure and “flashmatic” flash control with trailing sync. Overall scene is first exposed according to ambient light reading and P mode behavior, then the dedicated KX-14 flash fires at full power after lenses’ apertures are quickly adjusted to GN divided by AF or MF focused distance.
    Effective range for ISO 100 with KX-14 flash, 0.6 ~ 7 meters (approx. 2 ~ 23 feet).

• Attach the Konica HX-14 flash.
• Set flash switch to P•FULL and Main Switch to P.
• After the flash’s “P.L” ready lamp lights, the Display will only show  “ FL ”.  (Pressing the SELECT button will not display number of exposures made or Exposure compensation value {nor is the  “ ± ”  mark displayed, if Exposure compensation is set} as long as the flash is set to P•FULL and the camera is in P mode.)
• Any Exposure compensation is only applied to the P mode portion of the flash exposure. (Set GN manually to alter flash contribution.)
• Depress Shutter Release halfway to trigger exposure reading and focus.
• Normally, the KX-14 flash will not fire unless its ready lamp is lit, so a regular P mode AE exposure will be made if a shot is taken under this condition.
• P mode automatic flash exposures can be made using other strobe lights after GN is set manually.

Focus & exposure lock:  (temporary)
Functions in P, A or M modes with AutoFocus. Useful when the main subject is off center.

• Place Finder center cross on main subject and depress Shutter Release halfway.
• Exposure is metered and lenses focus.
• Measurements remain fixed as long as Shutter Release is held halfway down.
• Compose the photo and shoot.

Focus lock & input:
Functions in P, A or M modes, when in AF (autofocus) mode.

• Aim the AF sensor area at the subject.
• Depress and hold the Shutter Release halfway to trigger focusing.
• Focus remains locked as long as the Shutter Release is held halfway down.
• To enter manual focus mode and automatically input the focused distance, press the MF button while the Shutter Release is pressed halfway down.
• The focused distance then becomes the manual focus norm.
• Manual focus mode is maintained until the MF button is pressed again or the Main Switch turned OFF.

Focus range:
Lenses focus from 0.6 meter to infinity, in 27 steps, with approximate focused distance and parallax offset shown in the Finder.
    Autofocus may work poorly with dark, reflective or small objects, or under certain conditions. In such cases, use the Focus lock & input feature after aiming at a focusable object an equivalent distance away, or use the MF button and manually set desired plane of focus.

• Press and hold the MF button down at least one second. After initially displaying  “ 999 ”  or  “AF ”  the currently set manual focus distance is displayed.
• Set desired focus distance with the Up/Down buttons.
• Two seconds later, the lenses rack to the input focus distance and the display reverts to normal.

GN manual setting:  (guide number)
Range, 1 ~ 64, in 1/3 stop increments. Adjustment permits use of various strobe lights. Also useful for adjusting flash contribution to exposure in P mode with dedicated Konica KX-14 flash set to P•Full.

• Press and hold the SELECT button down, then turn the Main Switch to P, A or M. The current guide number setting is recalled and displayed.
• While holding the SELECT button down, set the desired GN with the Up/Down buttons.
• After setting, the display will only show  “ PFL ”  when in P mode. (Pressing the SELECT button will not display the number of exposures made or Exposure compensation value {nor is the  “ ± ”  mark displayed, if Exposure compensation is set} when GN is changed from the default and the camera is in P mode.)
• Changing the GN from the default value (14) disables flash interlock signal checking by the camera (via the smaller hot shoe contact), and enables the use of other, non-dedicated strobe lights, in P mode.

Hand metering:  (M mode)
Functions continuously for up to ten seconds after activation.

• Turn Main Switch to M.
• Press SELECT to display shutter speed, if not already showing.
• Press either Up/Down button to start spot meter readings.
• Monitor exposure with red  “ + ”  and  “ – ”  appearing in Finder.

Hexar lenses:
That the the 35mm f.2.0 Hexar lens is mentioned in the same breath as more costly Leica, Voigtländer and Zeiss offerings is an indication of its excellence;  many find its performance practically equivalent to the best examples from these companies. (And the only improvement to a single fine lens might be a matched pair, for stereo photography.)

• F.2.0 ~ F.22, with half stop detents.
• 7 elements, in 6 groups.
• Six diaphragm blades.
• Threaded for 46mm filters (non-rotating when focusing).
• Integral sliding lens shades.
• Friction fit lens caps. (Or RBT-option monolithic twin-lens cap for S1A or S1B.)

Hyperfocal settings:
The S1 focuses at discrete distances, twenty seven in all:  0.6 to 2.0 meters in 0.1 meter increments, 2.0 to 3.0 meters in 0.2 meter increments, at 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10, 20 meters, and infinity. Hyperfocal settings used with manual focus are therefore constrained by these values.
    For apertures wider than f.5.6 autofocus may be preferable, since focusing directly on a subject puts the plane of maximum sharpness closest to it.

• In P and A modes, approx. 15° center-weighted measurement (EV 0 ~ 16 @100 ISO). Rectangular metering area is slightly larger than the center cross mark in the Finder.
  
• In M mode, approx. 4° spot metering (EV 3 ~ 18 @100 ISO). Circular metering area is just inside the center cross mark in the Finder.

• Set Main Switch to M. Set aperture value.
• Press the SELECT button once, if the current shutter speed is not displayed.
• Set desired shutter speed with the Up/Down buttons.
• To scroll selection, hold Up or Down button down more than one second.

• Unlike A and P modes where exposure readings occur only the moment the Shutter Release is depressed halfway (locking the measurement), the spot meter function operates continuously for up to ten seconds in M mode when either Up/Down button is pressed, turning it on.
• Exposure conditions can be monitored in the Finder via the steady red  “ + ”  or  “ – ”  indicating metered over- or underexposure. When simultaneously lit, the set shutter speed matches the metered value.

• Depress and hold the Shutter Release halfway down, then press either of the Up/Down buttons to instantly input the metered exposure value.   “ – – – ”  is displayed momentarily and the set value is shown when the Up or Down button is released. (See One-touch exposure selection.)
  

MF button:
On top, marked MF, located between SELECT and SELF buttons. (On front, under the light meter sensor for some models.)

• Press the MF button briefly to toggle between fixed focus at infinity and autofocus functions.
• “ 999 ”  or  “AF ” appears briefly in the Display.
• Press the MF button for at least one second to display current manual focus distance and enter manual focus mode.
• Set desired manual focus distance with the Up/Down buttons. Two seconds later, lenses focus at the input distance.
• Press the MF button when in manual focus mode to restore AF mode.
• In AF mode, press the MF button when the Shutter Release is depressed halfway to input the focused distance and switch to manual focus mode. (See One-touch manual focus.)

Multiple exposure mode:
Allows any number of exposures to be made without advancing film.

• With film in camera, turn Main Switch from OFF to P while holding the SELF button down.
• The Display will show  “ 0  [  N ] ”  where N is the number of exposures already made.
• A or M mode can then be selected, and pressing the SELECT button toggles the Display between the Multiple exposure indication and Exposure compensation in P and A modes, and Multiple exposure indication and set Shutter speed in M mode.
• Each time the Shutter Release is pressed, the leftmost digit increases by one, to a maximum indication of  “ 9 ”.
• Turning the Main Switch OFF advances the film and cancels Multiple exposure mode.

One-touch exposure selection:
Spot metered shutter speeds for the selected aperture can be directly input in M mode. Meter sensitivity angle, approx. 4°.

• Set Main Switch to M. Select desired aperture.
• Place inner area of Finder cross mark on subject.
• Press Shutter Release halfway down. Metered shutter speed appears in Display.
• Press either Up/Down button to input indicated shutter speed.
The red  “ + ”  and  “ – ”  appear simultaneously in the Finder, indicating correct exposure.
• Set shutter speed becomes M mode norm until battery is removed.

One-touch manual focus:
Functions in P, A or M modes but only when in AF (autofocus) mode.

• Depress Shutter Release halfway to focus.
• Press the MF button.
• Camera switches to manual focus mode, the focused distance is input and becomes the manual focus norm.

• AE/Focus lock button. Conveniently located to the left of the left lens. Pressing this button is equivalent to depressing the Shutter Release halfway. It triggers an exposure meter reading, focuses the camera (in AF mode), and locks these settings without risk of taking a shot. Facilitates use of Focus lock and One-touch spot metering techniques, and prevents any firing delay when Shutter Release is subsequently pressed.
• Exposure meter sensor guard. Prevents inadvertent meter error due to finger interference.
• Leather “airbag” case.
• Level. A colorless spirit level is installed so an indicating bubble appears in the upper portion of the bright circle in the Finder when the camera is level.
• Remote release function, mini-plug receptacle in top rear center (current models), with 15 meter control cable.
• Single-piece twin-lens snap-in cap, with retainer cord for attachment to camera via boss with hole at bottom front.

P Mode:  (Programmed AE mode)
Program mode balances shutter speed and aperture for best results, but is helpfully biased by both the set aperture and user-set Critical Shutter speed. In response to changing light intensity, the selected aperture is maintained with increasing shutter speeds until 1/250 is reached, then the lenses stop down automatically. Similarly, the selected aperture automatically widens after the shutter speed reaches the Critical Shutter speed.
    In low light with lenses wide open, underexposure may result since shutter will fire with shutter speed limited to the Critical Shutter speed.

• Set Main Switch to P. Set Aperture dial as desired.
• Point and shoot. “This mode prevents failures as much as possible.” (Konica manual.)
• After depressing the Shutter Release halfway, the Display shows the metered shutter speed if the reading for the selected aperture is between the Critical Shuter speed and 1/250th.
• When metered exposure is outside the above range, the Display shows the aperture that will be used.
• When metered exposure is beyond the range of automatic P mode adjustment, the Display blinks and a red  “ + ”  or  “ – ”  blinks in the Finder, indicating probable over- or underexposure. The camera will operate, so there is a risk of improper exposure.
• If   “ – – – ”  appears continuously in the Display, turn the Main Switch to M momentarily.

Rewinding film:
At the end of a roll, when further advance is impossible, film rewinding automatically starts.

• Displayed exposure numbers count down as rewinding proceeds.
• Shortly after  “ [   1 ] ”  is displayed,   “ [ –  – ] ”  appears in the Display.
• The rewind process pauses for a moment, so if the back cover is opened at this point, the the end of the film leader will remain out of the cartridge.
• The pause before the film is completely rewound into the cartridge is brief, so the cessation of motor sounds can be a helpful indicator. If the back is opened prematurely, the start of the roll may be exposed to light, but wait a moment too long and the last bit of film will be completely rewound.
• Depending on film, battery, and environmental conditions, rewinding may halt before completion. Depress the Rewind button to restart.
• Rewinding can be halted deliberately if necessary, by turning off the Main Switch. Rewinding resumes when it is turned on again.
• After rewinding is completed, the Display will show a blinking  “ [   0 ] ”, indicating that the back should be opened before the camera can be used.

Self-timer:

• Press the button marked SELF (the lone button between the MF and Down buttons) to start the self-timer.
• The red self-timer indicator in front will light for 7 seconds, then blink for 3 seconds before the shutter is released.
• Focus and exposure are set when the Self-timer button is first pressed, so be certain that conditions are as desired.
• To cancel, turn the Main switch OFF.

• Depress the SELF button while turning the Main Switch ON to enter the Multiple exposure mode.

SELECT button:
On top, behind the Display.

• Toggles exposure number and Exposure compensation display in A and P modes.
• Toggles exposure number and shutter speed display in M mode.
• In P mode, press longer than one second to set Critical Shutter speed.
• In A mode, press longer than one second to manually set Film speed.

• Depress the SELECT button while turning the Main Switch ON to set or recall set GN.

• Depress halfway to trigger focus and exposure measurement.
• Press fully to release the shutter and take a picture.
  

S1  Shutter Speeds

30	25	20	15	13	10	8	6
5	4	3·2	2·5	2	1·6	1·3	1
1/1·2	1/1·6	1/2	1/2·5	1/3·2	1/4	1/5	1/6
1/8	1/10	1/13	1/15	1/20	1/25	1/30	1/40
1/50	1/60	1/80	1/100	1/125	1/160	1/200	1/250

Supplementary features:
Cameras in the Konica Hexar model range may offer the following additional functions, depending on date of manufacture, CPU and programming. Current S1 cameras do not appear to offer these features, however Silent mode is functional in some black Hexar-based S1 cameras.

• Auto exposure bracketing.
• Infrared focusing compensation.
• Silent mode. (Motor functions operate at slower speeds.)

Time exposure:  T
With shutter speed set to T, press the Shutter Release once to open the shutter. Press again to close.

• Set Main Switch to M.
• Press and hold the Down button (left Up/Down button) until  “ T ”  appears in the Display.
• During a time exposure,  “ T – – ”  is displayed.
• When T is set, the red  “ + ”  and/or  “ – ”  in the Finder are extinguished.
• Can be triggered by Self-timer.